Saturday, 14 July 2012

Israel slammed over rough justice for Palestinian prisoners

Kumpulan hak asasi manusia telah membidas Israel kerana amalan menjaga suspek Palestin di penjara selama-lamanya tanpa perbicaraan. Mogok lapar telah menjadi taktik terakhir untuk menentang sistem kehakiman Israel. Banduan Palestin Khader Adnan, 33, menarik perhatian media seluruh DUNIA selepas dia menghabiskan masa selama lebih daripada 2 bulan mogok lapar untuk menyerlahkan nasib sesama rakyat Palestin dalam keadaan yang sama. Adnan telah diletakkan dalam tahanan pentadbiran 9 kali selepas Israel telah mengenal pasti beliau sebagai seorang aktivis dengan Palestin Jihad Islam, seorang Israel kumpulan menganggap sebagai pengganas.

Penangkapan ke-9 beliau pada 17 Disember adalah jerami terakhir untuk Adnan. Beliau memulakan mogok lapar yang bertahan selama 66 hari - yang paling lama dalam sejarah Palestin. Pada 21 Feb 2012, pihak berkuasa Israel mengumumkan mereka telah mencapai perjanjian dengan Adnan, yang bersetuju dengan serta-merta menamatkan mogok lapar sebagai balasan untuk janji pelepasan pada 17 April. Puasa epik Adnan meninggalkan dia tidak dapat berjalan dan dia kini diberi makan secara intravena. Tindakan beliau mengilhamkan banduan wanita Palestin, Hana Shalabi, 30, untuk pergi mogok lapar juga. Shalabi selama 25 bulan dalam tahanan pentadbiran tanpa apa-apa caj yang dibawa terhadapnya. Tahun lepas, beliau telah dibebaskan sebagai sebahagian daripada perjanjian yang menyaksikan lebih 1,000 tahanan Palestin yang dibebaskan sebagai pertukaran untuk pembebasan askar Israel Gilad Shalit, yang telah diadakan tawanan di Gaza selama 5 tahun.

Pada bulan Februari, beliau dilantik semula ditangkap dan sekali lagi diadakan tanpa sebarang dakwaan. Dia pergi mogok lapar sebagai protes dan kini telah berpuasa selama 2 minggu. Shalabi telah mengadu layanan buruk berulang. Peguamnya berkata dia telah diletakkan dalam bilik kurungan seorang diri sebagai hukuman untuk mogok lapar. Sementara itu, mahkamah tentera Israel di Ramallah telah ditangguhkan kes Shalabi sehingga Mac 4, selepas hakim itu dilaporkan diberikan cuti pendakwaan untuk mengemukakan fail rahsia. "

Tiada caj, percubaan tidak?

Israel membuat Penggunaan meluas apa yang dipanggil "penahanan pentadbiran," yang boleh bermakna bulan perbelanjaan dan malah bertahun-tahun di dalam penjara tanpa bicara. Alasan undang-undang bagi penahanan pentadbiran di Israel berasal dari undang-undang sejak 1946 di bawah Mandat British bagi Palestin. Undang-undang ke atas Pihak Berkuasa di Syarikat Kecemasan menyatakan bahawa seorang hakim tentera boleh mengeluarkan suatu penahanan pentadbiran sehingga 6 bulan, yang dengan mudah boleh diperbaharui. Bukan semua ahli politik Israel menyokong pentadbiran tahanan. Walau bagaimanapun, ramai dalam Parti Likud yang memerintah melihat ia sebagai senjata penting dalam usaha menentang keganasan.

"Kita telah melihat tempoh apabila bas telah bertiup di Yerusalem. Tahanan pentadbiran membantu menjamin kesejahteraan rakyat Israel, "kata Danon Likud Danny, yang duduk di atas Luar Negeri Knesset dan Jawatankuasa Pertahanan, seperti yang dipetik oleh Agensi Telegraf Yahudi. Kumpulan hak asasi manusia Adameer Palestin mengira bahawa kira-kira 20,000 rakyat Palestin yang telah berada di bawah tahanan pentadbiran sejak tahun 2000. "Ia adalah salah satu yang pengetua asas moral bahawa masyarakat kita adalah diasaskan atas - bahawa jika anda menafikan hak seseorang untuk kebebasan anda mempunyai 1 kes yang sangat baik dan anda perlu perbicaraan dan anda perlu supaya mereka mempertahankan diri terhadap tuduhan-tuduhan , "kata Sarit menjadi Michaeli Tel Aviv-berasaskan kumpulan hak asasi manusia, B'Tselem.

"Apabila rakyat Palestin diletakkan di bawah tahanan pentadbiran mereka tidak diberitahu apa yang mereka disyaki, tidak ada kunci caj, ada percubaan tidak," jelas Michaeli. Pada masa ini, 310 rakyat Palestin dalam tahanan pentadbiran. Mereka yang disyaki pengganas, tetapi tiada dakwaan formal telah dibawa terhadap mereka. Mereka boleh menghadapi tahun di dalam penjara tanpa bicara. Pada kemuncak kebangkitan Intifada ke-2 hanya lebih 1 dekad lalu, beribu-ribu telah dimasukkan ke dalam penjara tanpa bicara. Israel menegaskan ia melakukan apa-apa yang salah dan mendakwa ia adalah perlu untuk melindungi identiti pemberi maklumat dengan tidak mempunyai mereka memberi keterangan di mahkamah. Tetapi kumpulan hak asasi manusia di Israel dan di luar negara mohon berbeza, menghentam amalan yang melampau, dan mengkritik tabiat mengendalikan tahanan politik Palestin 'pihak berkuasa Israel nasib iklan libitum.

"Mereka menggunakan untuk menakutkan kami, menakutkan kami, dengan menjerit, terhantuk di atas meja, menolak kami dan ini. Tiada sesiapa pun memaksa penyertaan kami untuk pada tanah. Mereka akan menjaga kita dalam sel selama 2 atau 3 bulan untuk mengambil pengakuan dengan kekerasan. Kami begitu takut. Bayangkan seorang muda yang bebas yang tiba-tiba mendapati dirinya di penjara? "Mengimbas kembali bekas banduan Habderaziz, Azizi, yang hanya 16 tahun ketika ditahan. Ia kelihatan seperti cerita Khader Adnan akan mendapat akhir yang bahagia dan keluarganya percaya maka sesungguhnya akan dibebaskan dari penjara. Namun sudah ada cakap-cakap pihak berkuasa Israel bergerak kembali ke penjara apabila dia pulih daripada puasa beliau, atau melepaskan dia hanya untuk rearrest dia kemudian, seperti yang telah berlaku sebelum banyak kali.


REVIEW Disaster 2012: Palestinians hold pictures of Khader Adnan, during a demonstration in solidarity with Adnan, in the Gaza City (Palestin memegang gambar Khader Adnan, semasa demonstrasi dalam perpaduan dengan Adnan, di Bandaraya Gaza)

Human rights groups have lashed Israel for its practice of keeping Palestinian suspects in prison indefinitely without trial. Hunger strikes have become a tactic of last resort to resist the Israeli judicial system. Palestinian prisoner Khader Adnan, 33, attracted worldwide media attention after he spent more than two months on hunger strike to highlight the plight of fellow Palestinians in similar circumstances. Adnan was placed in administrative detention nine times after Israel identified him as an activist with the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, a group Israel regards as terrorist.

His ninth arrest on 17 December was the last straw for Adnan. He started a hunger strike which was to last 66 days - the longest in Palestinian history.  On 21 Feb 2012, Israeli authorities announced they had reached a deal with Adnan, who agreed to immediately end his hunger strike in return for a promise of release on April 17. Adnan’s epic fast left him unable to walk and he is now being fed intravenously.  His actions inspired a female Palestinian prisoner, Hana Shalabi, 30, to go on hunger strike too. Shalabi spent 25 months in administrative detention without any charges being brought against her. Last year, she was released as part of a deal which saw over 1,000 Palestinian prisoners freed in exchange for  the release of Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit, who had been held captive in Gaza for five years.

In February, she was re-arrested and again held without charge. She went on hunger strike in protest and has now been fasting for two weeks. Shalabi has complained of repeated mistreatment. Her lawyer says she has been placed in solitary confinement as punishment for the hunger strike. Meanwhile, an Israeli military court in Ramallah has postponed Shalabi’s case until March 4, after the judge reportedly granted the prosecution leave to submit a "secret file."

No charge, no trial?

Israel makes wide use of so-called “administrative detention,” which can mean spending months and even years in prison without trial. The legal grounds for administrative detention in Israel originate in a law dating back to 1946 under the British Mandate for Palestine.  The Law on Authority in States of Emergency states that a military judge can issue an administrative detention of up to six months, which can be easily renewed. Not all Israeli politicians support administrative detention.  However, many in the ruling Likud Party see it as an essential weapon in the fight against terrorism.

“We have seen periods when buses were blowing up in Jerusalem. Administrative detention helps secure the well-being of Israelis,” said Likud’s Danny Danon, who sits on the Knesset’s Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, as quoted by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency. The Palestinian human rights group Adameer calculates that some 20,000 Palestinians that have been under administrative detention since 2000. “It's one of the basic moral principals that our society is founded  upon - that if you deny a person's right to freedom you have to have a very good case and you have to have a trial and you have to let them defend themselves against these accusations,” says Sarit Michaeli of the Tel Aviv-based human rights group, B’Tselem.

“When Palestinians are placed under administrative detention they are not told what they are suspected of, there's no charge sheet, there's no trial,” explains Michaeli.  At the moment, 310 Palestinians are in administrative detention. They are suspected of terrorism, but no formal charges have been brought against them. They could face years in prison without trial. At the height of the second Intifada uprising just over a decade ago, thousands were put in jail without trial. Israel insists it is doing nothing wrong; and claims it is necessary to protect the identities of informers by not having them testify in court. But human rights groups both in Israel and abroad beg to differ, slamming the practice as extreme, and criticizing the Israeli authorities’ habit of handling Palestinian political prisoners’ fates ad libitum.

“They used to frighten us, terrify us, by screaming, banging on tables, pushing us and forcing us to the ground. They’d keep us in cells for two or three months in order to take confessions by force. We were so frightened.  Imagine a free young person who suddenly finds himself in jail?” recalls former prisoner Habderaziz Azizi, who was just 16 when he was arrested. It looks like Khader Adnan’s story will have a happier ending and his family believes he will indeed be released from jail. Yet already there is talk of the Israeli authorities moving him back to prison when he recovers from his fast, or releasing him only to rearrest him later, as has happened many times before.

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