Kumpulan hak asasi manusia
telah membidas Israel kerana amalan menjaga suspek Palestin di penjara
selama-lamanya tanpa perbicaraan. Mogok lapar telah menjadi taktik terakhir
untuk menentang sistem kehakiman Israel. Banduan Palestin Khader Adnan, 33,
menarik perhatian media seluruh DUNIA selepas dia menghabiskan masa selama
lebih daripada 2 bulan mogok lapar untuk menyerlahkan nasib sesama rakyat
Palestin dalam keadaan yang sama. Adnan telah diletakkan dalam tahanan
pentadbiran 9 kali selepas Israel telah mengenal pasti beliau sebagai seorang
aktivis dengan Palestin Jihad Islam, seorang Israel kumpulan menganggap sebagai
pengganas.
Penangkapan ke-9 beliau pada 17
Disember adalah jerami terakhir untuk Adnan. Beliau memulakan mogok lapar yang
bertahan selama 66 hari - yang paling lama dalam sejarah Palestin. Pada 21 Feb
2012, pihak berkuasa Israel mengumumkan mereka telah mencapai perjanjian dengan
Adnan, yang bersetuju dengan serta-merta menamatkan mogok lapar sebagai balasan
untuk janji pelepasan pada 17 April. Puasa epik Adnan meninggalkan dia tidak
dapat berjalan dan dia kini diberi makan secara intravena. Tindakan beliau
mengilhamkan banduan wanita Palestin, Hana Shalabi, 30, untuk pergi mogok lapar
juga. Shalabi selama 25 bulan dalam tahanan pentadbiran tanpa apa-apa caj yang
dibawa terhadapnya. Tahun lepas, beliau telah dibebaskan sebagai sebahagian
daripada perjanjian yang menyaksikan lebih 1,000 tahanan Palestin yang
dibebaskan sebagai pertukaran untuk pembebasan askar Israel Gilad Shalit, yang
telah diadakan tawanan di Gaza selama 5 tahun.
Pada bulan Februari, beliau
dilantik semula ditangkap dan sekali lagi diadakan tanpa sebarang dakwaan. Dia
pergi mogok lapar sebagai protes dan kini telah berpuasa selama 2 minggu.
Shalabi telah mengadu layanan buruk berulang. Peguamnya berkata dia telah
diletakkan dalam bilik kurungan seorang diri sebagai hukuman untuk mogok lapar.
Sementara itu, mahkamah tentera Israel di Ramallah telah ditangguhkan kes
Shalabi sehingga Mac 4, selepas hakim itu dilaporkan diberikan cuti pendakwaan
untuk mengemukakan fail rahsia. "
Tiada
caj, percubaan tidak?
Israel membuat Penggunaan
meluas apa yang dipanggil "penahanan pentadbiran," yang boleh
bermakna bulan perbelanjaan dan malah bertahun-tahun di dalam penjara tanpa
bicara. Alasan undang-undang bagi penahanan pentadbiran di Israel berasal dari
undang-undang sejak 1946 di bawah Mandat British bagi Palestin. Undang-undang
ke atas Pihak Berkuasa di Syarikat Kecemasan menyatakan bahawa seorang hakim
tentera boleh mengeluarkan suatu penahanan pentadbiran sehingga 6 bulan, yang
dengan mudah boleh diperbaharui. Bukan semua ahli politik Israel menyokong pentadbiran
tahanan. Walau bagaimanapun, ramai dalam Parti Likud yang memerintah melihat ia
sebagai senjata penting dalam usaha menentang keganasan.
"Kita telah melihat tempoh
apabila bas telah bertiup di Yerusalem. Tahanan pentadbiran membantu menjamin
kesejahteraan rakyat Israel, "kata Danon Likud Danny, yang duduk di atas
Luar Negeri Knesset dan Jawatankuasa Pertahanan, seperti yang dipetik oleh
Agensi Telegraf Yahudi. Kumpulan hak asasi manusia Adameer Palestin mengira
bahawa kira-kira 20,000 rakyat Palestin yang telah berada di bawah tahanan
pentadbiran sejak tahun 2000. "Ia adalah salah satu yang pengetua asas
moral bahawa masyarakat kita adalah diasaskan atas - bahawa jika anda menafikan
hak seseorang untuk kebebasan anda mempunyai 1 kes yang sangat baik dan anda
perlu perbicaraan dan anda perlu supaya mereka mempertahankan diri terhadap
tuduhan-tuduhan , "kata Sarit menjadi Michaeli Tel Aviv-berasaskan
kumpulan hak asasi manusia, B'Tselem.
"Apabila rakyat Palestin
diletakkan di bawah tahanan pentadbiran mereka tidak diberitahu apa yang mereka
disyaki, tidak ada kunci caj, ada percubaan tidak," jelas Michaeli. Pada
masa ini, 310 rakyat Palestin dalam tahanan pentadbiran. Mereka yang disyaki
pengganas, tetapi tiada dakwaan formal telah dibawa terhadap mereka. Mereka
boleh menghadapi tahun di dalam penjara tanpa bicara. Pada kemuncak kebangkitan
Intifada ke-2 hanya lebih 1 dekad lalu, beribu-ribu telah dimasukkan ke dalam
penjara tanpa bicara. Israel menegaskan ia melakukan apa-apa yang salah dan
mendakwa ia adalah perlu untuk melindungi identiti pemberi maklumat dengan
tidak mempunyai mereka memberi keterangan di mahkamah. Tetapi kumpulan hak
asasi manusia di Israel dan di luar negara mohon berbeza, menghentam amalan
yang melampau, dan mengkritik tabiat mengendalikan tahanan politik Palestin
'pihak berkuasa Israel nasib iklan libitum.
"Mereka menggunakan
untuk menakutkan kami, menakutkan kami, dengan menjerit, terhantuk di atas
meja, menolak kami dan ini. Tiada sesiapa pun memaksa penyertaan kami untuk
pada tanah. Mereka akan menjaga kita dalam sel selama 2 atau 3 bulan untuk
mengambil pengakuan dengan kekerasan. Kami begitu takut. Bayangkan seorang muda
yang bebas yang tiba-tiba mendapati dirinya di penjara? "Mengimbas kembali
bekas banduan Habderaziz, Azizi, yang hanya 16 tahun ketika ditahan. Ia
kelihatan seperti cerita Khader Adnan akan mendapat akhir yang bahagia dan
keluarganya percaya maka sesungguhnya akan dibebaskan dari penjara. Namun sudah
ada cakap-cakap pihak berkuasa Israel bergerak kembali ke penjara apabila dia
pulih daripada puasa beliau, atau melepaskan dia hanya untuk rearrest dia kemudian,
seperti yang telah berlaku sebelum banyak kali.
REVIEW Disaster 2012: Palestinians
hold pictures of Khader Adnan, during a demonstration in solidarity with Adnan,
in the Gaza City (Palestin memegang gambar Khader Adnan, semasa demonstrasi
dalam perpaduan dengan Adnan, di Bandaraya Gaza)
Human rights groups have lashed
Israel for its practice of keeping Palestinian suspects in prison indefinitely
without trial. Hunger strikes have become a tactic of last resort to resist the
Israeli judicial system. Palestinian prisoner Khader Adnan, 33, attracted
worldwide media attention after he spent more than two months on hunger strike
to highlight the plight of fellow Palestinians in similar circumstances. Adnan
was placed in administrative detention nine times after Israel identified him
as an activist with the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, a group Israel regards as
terrorist.
His ninth arrest on 17 December
was the last straw for Adnan. He started a hunger strike which was to last 66
days - the longest in Palestinian history.
On 21 Feb 2012, Israeli authorities announced they had reached a deal
with Adnan, who agreed to immediately end his hunger strike in return for a promise
of release on April 17. Adnan’s epic fast left him unable to walk and he is now
being fed intravenously. His actions
inspired a female Palestinian prisoner, Hana Shalabi, 30, to go on hunger
strike too. Shalabi spent 25 months in administrative detention without any
charges being brought against her. Last year, she was released as part of a
deal which saw over 1,000 Palestinian prisoners freed in exchange for the release of Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit,
who had been held captive in Gaza for five years.
In February, she was
re-arrested and again held without charge. She went on hunger strike in protest
and has now been fasting for two weeks. Shalabi has complained of repeated
mistreatment. Her lawyer says she has been placed in solitary confinement as punishment
for the hunger strike. Meanwhile, an Israeli military court in Ramallah has
postponed Shalabi’s case until March 4, after the judge reportedly granted the
prosecution leave to submit a "secret file."
No
charge, no trial?
Israel makes wide use of
so-called “administrative detention,” which can mean spending months and even
years in prison without trial. The legal grounds for administrative detention
in Israel originate in a law dating back to 1946 under the British Mandate for
Palestine. The Law on Authority in
States of Emergency states that a military judge can issue an administrative
detention of up to six months, which can be easily renewed. Not all Israeli
politicians support administrative detention.
However, many in the ruling Likud Party see it as an essential weapon in
the fight against terrorism.
“We have seen periods when
buses were blowing up in Jerusalem. Administrative detention helps secure the
well-being of Israelis,” said Likud’s Danny Danon, who sits on the Knesset’s
Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, as quoted by the Jewish Telegraphic
Agency. The Palestinian human rights group Adameer calculates that some 20,000
Palestinians that have been under administrative detention since 2000. “It's
one of the basic moral principals that our society is founded upon - that if you deny a person's right to
freedom you have to have a very good case and you have to have a trial and you
have to let them defend themselves against these accusations,” says Sarit
Michaeli of the Tel Aviv-based human rights group, B’Tselem.
“When Palestinians are placed
under administrative detention they are not told what they are suspected of,
there's no charge sheet, there's no trial,” explains Michaeli. At the moment, 310 Palestinians are in
administrative detention. They are suspected of terrorism, but no formal
charges have been brought against them. They could face years in prison without
trial. At the height of the second Intifada uprising just over a decade ago,
thousands were put in jail without trial. Israel insists it is doing nothing
wrong; and claims it is necessary to protect the identities of informers by not
having them testify in court. But human rights groups both in Israel and abroad
beg to differ, slamming the practice as extreme, and criticizing the Israeli
authorities’ habit of handling Palestinian political prisoners’ fates ad
libitum.
“They used to frighten us,
terrify us, by screaming, banging on tables, pushing us and forcing us to the
ground. They’d keep us in cells for two or three months in order to take
confessions by force. We were so frightened.
Imagine a free young person who suddenly finds himself in jail?” recalls
former prisoner Habderaziz Azizi, who was just 16 when he was arrested. It
looks like Khader Adnan’s story will have a happier ending and his family
believes he will indeed be released from jail. Yet already there is talk of the
Israeli authorities moving him back to prison when he recovers from his fast,
or releasing him only to rearrest him later, as has happened many times before.
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