1WC’sChannel REVIEW 2012: (Published: 03 August, 2012/Edited: 04 August, 2012) The United Nations General Assembly votes on a resolution on Syria at UN headquarters on August 3, 2012 in New York City. (TINJAUAN 1WC'sChannel 2012: Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu undi Perhimpunan Agung pada resolusi ke atas Syria di ibu pejabat pada 3 Ogos, 2012 PBB di New York City (AFP Photo/Mario Tama).
PBB menerima pakai resolusi yang sukar ke atas Syria . . .
Perhimpunan Agung PBB telah mengundi menyokong resolusi tidak terikat ke atas Syria ditolak oleh beberapa negeri Arab. Sebelum undi, Rusia mengumumkan bahawa ia tidak akan menyokong resolusi yang memanggil ia tidak seimbang.
Rang undang-undang telah diluluskan dengan 133 undi memihak, 12 melawan, dan 31 berkecuali.
Resolusi, yang dikarang oleh Arab Saudi dan aktif yang disokong oleh Mesir dan Bahrain, menuntut bahawa Presiden Bashar al-Assad pemindahan kuasa kepada kerajaan peralihan dan Tentera Syria berhenti kereta kebal dan helikopter serangan terhadap pasukan pemberontak.
Ia juga menuntut bahawa menahan diri Syria daripada menggunakan senjata kimia dan biologi. Fasal ini datang selepas pengumuman terkini dari Damsyik yang mengatakan bahawa Syria memiliki senjata kimia, dan tidak akan teragak-agak untuk menggunakan mereka menentang tentera menyerang. Perhimpunan Agung mengutuk tindakan keras Syria terhadap pasukan pemberontak manakala mengkritik ketidakgiatan Majlis Keselamatan.
Semasa sesi di New York, Setiausaha Agung, Ban Ki-Moon berkata konflik Syria telah menjadi "perang proksi," dan menggesa kedua-dua pembangkang dan pasukan pemberontak untuk menamatkan keganasan. "Tindakan keganasan yang dilaporkan mungkin merupakan jenayah terhadap kemanusiaan atau jenayah perang," katanya.
Duta Syria, Bashar Jaafari menyatakan bahawa negara-negara yang menyokong resolusi tersebut, khususnya Arab Saudi dan Qatar, tidak tepat edenic oasis hak asasi manusia. Keputusan ke atas resolusi datang selepas peletakan jawatan daripada utusan PBB Kofi Annan dan kegagalan rancangan 6-mata keamanan.
Ketetapan itu tidak akan sah di sisi undang-undang, semua resolusi Perhimpunan Agung adalah nasihat. Laluan rang undang-undang itu tidak pun mungkin mempunyai impak yang serius terhadap iklim politik yang menyelubungi Syria, membuka jalan untuk kemungkinan sekatan. Undi asalnya telah dijadualkan pada pagi Khamis, tetapi telah ditangguhkan sehingga hari Jumaat.
Moscow mengundi menentang resolusi tersebut. "Ia (resolusi) amat berat sebelah dan ditulis seolah-olah tidak ada tentangan bersenjata di semua," Rusia PBB duta Vitaly Churkin berkata. Beliau juga menegaskan bahawa beberapa klausa, seperti yang mengkritik Majlis Keselamatan, adalah sesuatu Rusia tidak dapat bersetuju dengan.
Churkin juga menyatakan bahawa meletakkan satu resolusi ke atas Syria untuk mengundi dalam Perhimpunan Agung "adalah tidak sesuai" dan "melanggar Piagam PBB," kerana isu itu telah dibincangkan dalam Majlis Keselamatan. Rusia dan China telah menggunakan kuasa veto tiga resolusi Majlis Keselamatan yang berasingan ke atas Syria. Dalam setiap kes, kedua-dua negara mendakwa bil tidak seimbang.
'Perjuangan untuk Aleppo dan Damsyik'
Atas alasan di Syria, pertempuran untuk rages Aleppo pada. Pemberontak berkata, pertempuran utama berlaku dalam kejiranan Saleheddine, di mana mereka dianggarkan 20 orang awam telah terbunuh. Lain mendakwa mereka berjaya menawan balai polis utama, mengambil beberapa pegawai tebusan, dan merampas senjata dan peluru.
Di ibu Negara Damsyik, tentera kerajaan juga bertempur dengan pemberontak di kejiranan Tadamon. Aktivis dan saksi memberitahu Reuters bahawa kebanyakan bandar adalah di bawah kawalan kerajaan dengan awal petang. Tentera Darat telah cuba untuk memasuki Tadamon selama lebih dari seminggu, tetapi secara berterusan telah diadakan semula oleh tentangan pemberontak.
'Barat bukan maut sokongan'
Sebagai pasukan pembangkang dan kerajaan akan terus bertembung, setiap pihak menerima ikrar kesetiaan daripada negara-negara yang menyokong sebab-sebab masing-masing. Timbalan Perdana Menteri Syria Qadri Jamil memberitahu AP bahawa negara ini telah meminta bagi pinjaman Rusia untuk menambah rizab mata wang keras, yang telah habis oleh sekatan eksport antarabangsa Syria.
Beliau berkata Damsyik juga mahu mendapatkan minyak diesel dan keluaran minyak yang lain dari Rusia sebagai pertukaran untuk bekalan minyak mentah. Pegawai Rusia telah disahkan ceramah di Moscow, tetapi tidak menyatakan sama ada Moscow telah bersetuju untuk mengadakan Syria dengan minyak atau pinjaman.
Bercanggah laporan media telah dikeluarkan, yang menyarankan kemungkinan pengangkutan Rusia yang singgah di pelabuhan Syria Tartus (Syrian port of Tartus,) tetapi Kementerian Pertahanan Rusia berkata kapal 3 di kawasan tersebut tidak mempunyai rancangan untuk berbuat demikian, melainkan jika misi kapal ini diperluaskan.
Sementara itu, Britain telah bersumpah kesetiaan kepada pembangkang, dengan berjanji untuk meningkatkan "tidak membawa maut" sokongan kepada pemberontak Syria. Sekatan EU senjata menghalang mana-mana negara menyediakan senjata kepada mana-mana pihak dalam konflik Syria, tetapi itu tidak menghentikan UK dari menunjukkan sokongan dengan cara yang lain.
Dalam satu kenyataan, Setiausaha Luar UK William Hague berkata, "Kami akan, sepanjang minggu-minggu yang akan datang, meningkatkan sokongan praktikal kami tetapi bukan membawa maut. Kami telah membantu (pembangkang) dengan komunikasi dan perkara-perkara seumpama itu, dan kami akan membantu mereka. "Menurut laporan, Washington juga baru-baru ini mengesahkan komitmen kepada pembangkang Syria.
Satu sumber kerajaan Amerika Syarikat memberitahu Reuters bahawa Presiden Barack Obama telah menandatangani perintah rahsia (signed a secret order) yang membenarkan CIA dan lain-lain agensi-agensi Amerika untuk menyokong pemberontak Syria. Obama dilaporkan memberi perintah itu awal tahun ini.
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UN adopts tough resolution on Syria . . .
The UN General Assembly has voted in favor of a non-binding resolution on Syria pushed by several Arab states. Before the vote, Russia announced that it would not support the resolution, calling it unbalanced.
The bill was passed with 133 votes in favor, 12 against, and 31 abstentions.
The resolution, authored by Saudi Arabia and actively supported by Egypt and Bahrain, demands that President Bashar al-Assad transfer power to a transitional government and that the Syrian Army ceases tank and helicopter attacks against rebel forces.
It also demands that Syria refrain from using chemical and biological weapons. This clause comes after a recent announcement from Damascus alleging that Syria possessed chemical weapons, and would not hesitate to use them against an invading army. The General Assembly denounced the Syrian crackdown on rebel forces while criticizing the Security Council’s inaction.
During the session in New York, Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon said the Syrian conflict had become a “proxy war,” and called on both opposition and rebel forces to end the violence. "The acts of brutality that are being reported may constitute crimes against humanity or war crimes," he said.
Syrian envoy Bashar Jaafari noted that countries supporting the resolution, specifically Saudi Arabia and Qatar, were not exactly edenic oases of human rights. The decision on the resolution came after the resignation of UN envoy Kofi Annan and the failure of his six-point peace plan.
The resolution will not be legally binding, as all General Assembly resolutions are advisory. Passage of the bill may nonetheless have a serious impact on the political climate surrounding Syria, paving the way for the possibility of sanctions. The vote had originally been scheduled for Thursday morning, but was postponed until Friday.
Moscow voted against the resolution. “It (the resolution) is extremely one-sided and was written as if there was no armed opposition at all,” Russia’s UN ambassador Vitaly Churkin said. He also stressed that a number of clauses, such as the one that criticizes the Security Council, were something Russia could not agree to.
Churkin also noted that putting a resolution on Syria to vote in the General Assembly “was inappropriate” and “contravened the UN Charter,” as the issue was already being discussed in the Security Council. Russia and China have vetoed three separate Security Council resolutions on Syria. In each case, both countries claimed the bills were unbalanced.
‘The struggle for Aleppo and Damascus’
On the ground in Syria, the battle for Aleppo rages on. Rebels said the main fighting was taking place in the neighborhood of Saleheddine, where they estimated 20 civilians had been killed. Others claimed they managed to capture a major police station, taking several officers hostage, and seizing weapons and ammunitions.
In the capital Damascus, government troops also clashed with rebels in the neighborhood of Tadamon. Activists and witnesses told Reuters that most of the city was under the control of the government by early evening. The Army has been trying to enter Tadamon for more than a week, but has been continuously held back by rebel resistance.
‘Western non-lethal support’
As opposition and government forces continue to clash, each side is receiving pledges of loyalty from nations supporting their respective causes. Syria’s Deputy Prime Minister Qadri Jamil told AP that the country has asked for a Russian loan to replenish its hard currency reserves, which have been depleted by an international embargo on Syrian exports.
He said Damascus also wants to get diesel oil and other oil products from Russia in exchange for crude supplies. Russian officials have confirmed talks in Moscow, but have not indicated whether Moscow has agreed to provide Syria with oil or a loan.
Conflicting media reports were released, suggesting the possibility of Russian transports calling at the Syrian port of Tartus, but Russia’s Ministry of Defense says its three ships in the area have no plan to do so, unless the ships’ mission is extended.
Meanwhile, Britain has vowed its loyalty to the opposition, by promising to increase its “non-lethal” support to the Syrian rebels. An EU arms embargo prevents any nation from providing arms to any party in the Syrian conflict, but that isn’t stopping the UK from showing support in other ways.
In a statement, UK Foreign Secretary William Hague said,“We will, over the coming weeks, increase our practical but non-lethal support. We have helped [the opposition] with communications and matters of that kind, and we will help them more." According to reports, Washington has also recently reaffirmed its commitment to the Syrian opposition.
