1WC'sChannel REVIEW 2012:
(Published: 15 July, 2012) Egyptian demonstrators protest against the visit of
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (TINJAUAN 1WC'sChannel 2012: penunjuk perasaan Mesir bantahan terhadap lawatan
Setiausaha Negara Amerika Syarikat Hillary Clinton) (AFP Photo/Khaled
Desouki)
Setiausaha Negara Amerika
Syarikat Hillary Clinton tiba di Mesir untuk mengadakan perbincangan pertama
dengan Islam yang baru dipilih Presiden Mohammed Morsi. Sebagai mesyuarat itu
diteruskan, orang ramai berkumpul di luar istana presiden untuk membantah
lawatan. Cik Clinton telah diadakan ceramah beliau yang pertama dengan yang
baru dipilih Presiden Mesir Mohammed Morsi, serta dengan tentera kuat Marshall
Hussein Tantawi. Ramai yang mengambil jalan untuk membantah lawatan beliau.
Clinton berkata dia berada di
situ untuk menolak selesai perubahan selepas revolusi di negara ini dan bagi
pemulihan ekonomi. Beliau menekankan bahawa Amerika Syarikat mahu "untuk
menyokong demokrasi" yang dicapai oleh "keberanian dan pengorbanan
orang-orang Mesir."
Salah satu isu yang
dibincangkan oleh Clinton dan Morsi adalah sama ada Mesir akan terus untuk
mengikuti kursus dasar sebelumnya asing. Menteri Luar Mesir Kamal Amr kepada
pemberita pada sidang akhbar dengan Clinton bahawa Presiden Morsi akan terus
menghormati semua perjanjian damai bahawa Mesir adalah sebuah parti -. Selagi
pihak lain juga menghormati mereka "isu-isu utama yang lain ialah peralihan
politik dan ketegangan di Mesir sendiri. Clinton berkata bahawa menyelesaikan
krisis antara tentera dan Islamis, yang telah mantap senario politik negara
sejak beberapa bulan kebelakangan ini, "memerlukan dialog dan kompromi,
politik sebenar."
Kiri
dan kanan pagar politik Mesir
Pada hari itu 2 lawatan beliau,
yang Setiausaha Amerika Syarikat Negara bertemu dengan Field Marshal Hussein
Tantawi, pengerusi yang Majlis Tertinggi Angkatan Tentera (SCAF), yang
berkhidmat sebagai ketua sementara di negara ini dari negara Feb 2011 julai
2012. Beliau adalah dipuji oleh Clinton kerana dilindungi revolusi Mesir,
"tidak seperti tentera Syria." Butiran Beberapa mesyuarat selama
sejam, yang jauh lebih rendah utama daripada perbincangan dengan presiden
sebelum ini, telah dibebaskan. Walau bagaimanapun, rasmi Jabatan Negara Amerika
Syarikat berkata Clinton dan Tantawi telah membincangkan peralihan politik dan
perkara-perkara ekonomi, termasuk pakej bantuan.
Lebih awal daripada mesyuarat
itu, beliau menggesa tentera Mesir untuk memberikan Presiden Morsi kuasa penuh
dan kembali ke fungsi keselamatan negara yang penting. Beliau juga berkata
Amerika Syarikat akan memaafkan US $ 1 bilion pada hutang Mesir dan akan
menyediakan US $ 280 juta untuk pembangunan ekonomi negara. Bantuan datang di
atas US $ 1.3 billion Amerika Syarikat menyediakan kepada tentera Mesir.
Sejurus selepas mengadakan pertemuan dengan Clinton, Field Marshall Tantawi
berkata angkatan tentera di negara ini tidak akan membenarkan 1 "kumpulan
tertentu" menguasai negara. Walaupun dia tidak menyatakan yang kumpulan
yang dimaksudkan, kata beliau adalah sebagai rujukan jelas kepada Ikhwan
Muslimin, yang kini berada dalam kawalan presiden dan badan perundangan.
Kenyataan ini menekankan
ketegangan politik antara 2 kumpulan dalam kawalan negara: tentera dan Ikhwan
Muslimin. Ketegangan antara kedua-dua telah mendidih sepanjang tempoh peralihan
yang diikuti penyingkiran Hosni Mubarak. Ikhwan Muslimin, bersama-sama dengan
Islam lain, memenangi bilangan kerusi terbanyak dalam pilihan raya parlimen
negara itu, yang berlaku ke atas beberapa peringkat antara November dan
Februari. Parti-parti politik kemudian cuba untuk datang ke perjanjian mengenai
komposisi panel yang ditubuhkan untuk menggubal perlembagaan negara. Islam di
parlimen cuba untuk mengisi panel dengan penyokong mereka sendiri, tetapi
langkah yang telah digagalkan oleh Mahkamah Pentadbiran Kaherah di
tengah-tengah pemulauan liberal dan sekular.
Pertelingkahan antara
pihak-pihak yang berlaku, dan 1 perjanjian telah dicapai pada bulan Jun. Pada
masa itu, bagaimanapun, krisis politik yang baru muncul. Sejurus sebelum
pusingan kedua pilihan raya presiden, Mahkamah Agung Perlembagaan negara
membatalkan keputusan pengundian parlimen, berkesan membubarkan ruang yang
lebih rendah parlimen. Beberapa hari kemudian, yang SCAF mengeluarkan perintah
mewakilkan sendiri beberapa kuasa perundangan dan belanjawan dan memansuhkan
presiden. Dekri juga dibenarkan SCAF untuk melantik ahli-ahli panel
perlembagaan, dengan kuasa tambahan untuk memveto keputusan panel.
Tidak lama selepas Mohammed
Morsi melangkah ke dalam kedudukan beliau pada 30 Jun, beliau mengeluarkan
perintah eksekutif membenarkan parlimen untuk berkumpul kembali. Dekri juga
diberikan kuasa perundangan untuk merangka perlembagaan dan bukannya panel ad
hoc. Langkah itu ternyata telah mendalamkan krisis antara kedua-dua cawangan
kuasa, iaitu badan perundangan Islam yang dikuasai, yang disokong oleh presiden,
dan mahkamah yang disokong tentera. Dalam perkembangan terkini sama seperti
Hillary Clinton adalah mesyuarat dengan Tantawi pada hari Ahad, Mahkamah Rayuan
Kaherah enggan melihat ke dalam saman yang difailkan oleh speaker parlimen Saad
El-Katani, yang mencabar keputusan bulan lepas untuk membubarkan badan
perundangan. Mana-mana yang kini mengetuai ke Mahkamah Pentadbiran Kaherah.
Blogger dan wartawan Wael
Eskander percaya Amerika Syarikat tidak menyokong sama ada pihak dalam konflik
politik dalaman Mesir. "Washington telah sentiasa menyokong struktur kuasa
yang berkhidmat tujuan, tanpa mengira sama ada mereka adalah demokratik atau
tidak," Eskander kepada RT. "Jadi, pada masa ini, mereka benar-benar
tidak peduli apa jenis daya yang berada di sana kerana mereka memberikan Amerika
Syarikat apa yang ia sebenarnya memerlukan."
Beliau berkata bahawa apa
yang Amerika Syarikat sedang cuba lakukan sekarang adalah untuk melihat siapa
yang akan memenangi pertempuran politik dan mengukuhkan lagi struktur kuasa
yang terhasil daripadanya.
'Aware Yourself 2012' Signs
Of the End Of the WORLD . . .
Clinton and Morsi hold
talks in Cairo amid protests
US Secretary of State Hillary
Clinton has arrived in Egypt for her first talks with newly elected Islamist
President Mohammed Morsi. As the meeting went ahead, crowds gathered outside
the presidential palace to protest the visit. Ms. Clinton has held her first
talks with newly elected Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi, as well as with
military strongman Marshall Hussein Tantawi. Crowds took to the street to
protest her visit. Clinton says she is there to push for completion of
post-revolutionary change in the country and for economic restoration. She
stressed that the United States wants “to support the democracy”
achieved by “the courage and sacrifice of the Egyptian people.”
One of the issues discussed by
Clinton and Morsi was whether Egypt would continue to follow its previous
foreign policy course. Egyptian foreign minister Kamal Amr told reporters at a
news conference with Clinton that President Morsi would continue to respect “all
peace treaties that Egypt is a party to – as long as the other party also
respects them.”
Other key issues were the
political transition and the resulting tensions in Egypt itself. Clinton said
that resolving the crisis between the military and the Islamists, which has
dogged the country’s political scene in recent months, “requires dialogue
and compromise, real politics.”
Straddling
the fence of Egyptian politics
On the second day of her visit,
the US Secretary of State met with Field Marshal Hussein Tantawi, the chairman
of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF), who served as the country’s
provisional head of state from February 2011 to July 2012. He was commended by
Clinton for having protected the Egyptian revolution, “unlike the Syrian
army.” Few details of the hour-long meeting, which was much more low-key
than previous talks with the president, were released. However, a US State
Department official said Clinton and Tantawi had discussed the political
transition and economic matters, including an aid package.
Ahead of the meeting, she
called on the Egyptian military to give President Morsi full powers and to
return to its essential national security function. She also said the US would
forgive $1 billion in Egyptian debt and would provide $280 million for the
country’s economic development. The aid comes on top of the $1.3 billion the US
provides to the Egyptian military. Soon after meeting with Clinton, Field
Marshall Tantawi said the country’s armed forces would not allow a “certain
group” to dominate the country. Though he did not specify which group he meant,
his words were a clear allusion to the Muslim Brotherhood, who are now in
control of the presidency and the legislature.
This statement underscored the
political tension between the two groups in control of the country: the
military and the Muslim Brotherhood. Tensions between the two have been
simmering throughout the transitional period that followed Hosni Mubarak’s
ouster. The Muslim Brotherhood, along with other Islamists, won the largest number
of seats in the country’s parliamentary elections, which took place over
several stages between November and February.
Political parties then tried to
come to an agreement on the composition of a panel that was to be set up to
draft the country’s constitution. The Islamists in parliament tried to fill the
panel with their own supporters, but that move was thwarted by Cairo’s
Administrative Court amid a boycott of liberals and secularists. Bickering
between the parties ensued, and an agreement was only reached in June. By that
time, however, a new political crisis had emerged.
Shortly before the second round
of the presidential elections, the country’s Supreme Constitutional Court annulled the
results of the parliamentary poll, effectively dissolving the lower chamber
of parliament. Several days later, the SCAF issued a decree delegating itself a
number of legislative and budgetary powers and abrogating those of the
president. The decree also allowed the SCAF to appoint members of the
constitutional panel, with additional powers to veto the panel’s decisions. Soon
after Mohammed Morsi stepped into his position on June 30, he issued an
executive decree allowing parliament to reconvene. The decree also
granted the legislature powers to draft a constitution instead of the ad hoc
panel. The move appears to have deepened the crisis between the two branches of
power, namely the Islamist-dominated legislature, backed by the president, and
the military-backed courts.
In the latest development, just
as Hillary Clinton was meeting with Tantawi on Sunday, Cairo’s Appeals Court
refused to look into a lawsuit filed by parliamentary speaker Saad El-Katani,
who challenged last month’s decision to dissolve the legislature. The case now
heads to Cairo’s Administrative Court. Blogger and journalist Wael Eskander
believes the US is not backing either of the sides in Egypt’s internal
political conflict.
“Washington has always been
supporting the power structures that serve its purposes, irrespective of
whether they are democratic or not,” Eskander told RT. “So, currently,
they really don’t care what kind of forces are there as long as they give the
US what it actually requires.”
He said that what the US is
trying to do now is to see who will win the political battle and reinforce the
power structure that results from it.
AFP
Photo/Mohammed Hossam
‘Amerika
Syarikat cuba taktik baru ANDA untuk mengekalkan dominasi’
Semasa ceramah Sabtu Clinton
dengan Morsi, penunjuk perasaan menentang mesyuarat yang berkumpul di luar
istana presiden di Kaherah untuk menyatakan kemarahan mereka. "Saya ingin
memberitahu Amerika yang menyokong demokrasi bahawa kita tidak mempunyai apa-apa
demokrasi di Mesir," AP memetik seorang demonstrasi, Ahmed Abdel Alim,
sebagai berkata "orang-orang Mesir semua mazhab - Muslim, Kristian dan
minoriti - tidak mendapat apa-apa hak di negara ini. "
Pakar Timur Tengah dan wartawan
bebas Larry Everest mengatakan bahawa masalah orang-orang Mesir adalah perkara
terakhir dalam agenda Clinton. "Hillary Clinton mendakwa dia berada di
situ untuk membantu orang-orang Mesir sendiri untuk menentukan masa depan
mereka tetapi itu tidak ada apa yang berlaku," katanya kepada RT.
Washington "bekerja dalam keadaan yang sangat penuh untuk memastikan
tentera Mesir, di mana mereka mempunyai hubungan yang mendalam dan lama, kekal
sebagai kuasa dominan di negeri Mesir kerana ia kekal pada hari ini."
Selama bertahun-tahun, Kaherah
telah menerima dari Washington kira-kira US $ 1.5 bilion dalam bantuan setiap
tahun. Kebanyakan wang ini pergi kepada tentera." Amerika Syarikat masih (kuasa
dominan di rantau ini). Ia cuba untuk mengekalkan penguasaan dalam keadaan yang
baru, dengan taktik baru ekoran Spring Arab, "tambah Everest.
‘US
tries new tactics to maintain dominance’
During Clinton's Saturday talks
with Morsi, protesters opposed to the meeting gathered outside the presidential
palace in Cairo to express their outrage. "I want to tell the Americans
who are supporting democracy that we don't have any democracy in Egypt,” AP
quoted a demonstrator, Ahmed Abdel Alim, as saying. “Egyptians of all sects -
Muslims, Christians and minorities - do not have any rights in this
country."
Middle East expert and
independent journalist Larry Everest says that the troubles of the Egyptians
are the last thing on Clinton’s agenda. “Hillary Clinton claims she is there to
help the Egyptian people themselves to determine their future but that’s not
what’s going on,” he told RT. Washington is “working in a very fraught
situation to make sure the Egyptian military, with which they have deep and
long-standing ties, remains the dominant force in the Egyptian state as it
remains today.”
For years, Cairo has been
receiving from Washington around US $1.5 billion in aid annually. Most of this
money goes to its military. “The US remains a dominant power (in the region). It’s
trying to maintain that dominance in the new situation, with new tactics in the
wake of the Arab Spring,” Everest added.
People
hold a poster of Field Marshal Tantawi, the commander-in-chief of the Egyptian
Armed Forces, as they protest the visit of US Secretary of State Hillary
Clinton outside the Four Season Hotel (Orang memegang poster Field Marshal
Tantawi, komander-ketua Angkatan Bersenjata Mesir, kerana mereka membantah
lawatan Setiausaha Negara Amerika Syarikat Hillary Clinton di luar Hotel 4
Musim) (AFP Photo/Brendan Smialowski)
AFP
Photo/Brendan Smialovsky
Egyptians
chant slogans against the visit of US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in
front of the doors of the presidential palace after her meeting with Egypt's President
Mohamed Mursi (Slogan orang Mesir terhadap lawatan Setiausaha Negara Amerika
Syarikat Hillary Clinton di hadapan pintu istana presiden selepas mesyuarat
dengan Presiden Mesir Mohamed Mursi) (Reuters/Amr Dalsh)
AFP
Photo/Brendan Smialovsky
Reuters/Amr
Dalsh
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